Vitamin B12
This ingredient can be found in: Pop A Purple
Vitamin B12 in the form of methylcobalamin (the most bioavailable form of B12) has important health-promoting effects on the nervous system. Diabetes or a low intake of this vitamin can cause peripheral neuropathy, a disorder of the peripheral nervous system in which motor, sensory, or autonomic neurons do not function well. Methylcobalamin supplements have been shown to significantly improve symptoms of diabetic peripheral neuropathy in a number of clinical trials. Diabetic peripheral neuropathy can result from diabetes-induced vitamin B12 deficiency, or from the use of metformin, a medication used to treat type 2 diabetes. Methylcobalamin has also been shown to protect neurons against the toxic effect of excess glutamate, a neurotransmitter.
Methylcobalamin has been shown to help reset the circadian rhythm when it is disrupted by stress. In this way, it can improve sleep quality and increase sleep time to alleviate the effects of fatigue and stress.
Methylcobalamin also has potent cardiovascular protective effects. In combination with folate, methylcobalamin has demonstrated effective reduction of circulating homocsteine. High levels of the amino acid homocysteine can increase the risk of heart attack, stroke, and peripheral vascular disease. Elevated homocysteine levels are associated with atherosclerosis, the chronic condition of arteries that have accumulated plaques of cholesterol and inflammatory immune cells.
Vitamin B12 is often deficient in people who are obese or have disorders that affect nutrient absorption, such as Crohn or celiac disease. B12 deficiency is also common in the elderly and is associated with numerous age-related disorders including Alzheimer disease, depression, hearing loss, and poor cognition. Supplementation with B12 is recommended for these groups.
References
- Austin RC, Lentz SR, Werstuck GH. Role of hyperhomocysteinemia in endothelial dysfunction and atherothrombotic disease. Cell Death Differ. 2004 Jul;11 Suppl 1:S56-64. View Source
- Johnson MA. Nutrition and aging--practical advice for healthy eating. J Am Med Womens Assoc. 2004 Fall;59(4):262-9. View Source
- Kelly GS. Nutritional and botanical interventions to assist with the adaptation to stress. Altern Med Rev. 1999 Aug;4(4):249-65. View Source
- Kikuchi M, Kashii S, Honda Y, Tamura Y, Kaneda K, Akaike A. Protective effects of methylcobalamin, a vitamin B12 analog, against glutamate-induced neurotoxicity in retinal cell culture. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1997 Apr;38(5):848-54. View Source
- Koyama K, Usami T, Takeuchi O, Morozumi K, Kimura G. Efficacy of methylcobalamin on lowering total homocysteine plasma concentrations in haemodialysis patients receiving high-dose folic acid supplementation. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2002 May;17(5):916-22. View Source
- Pinhas-Hamiel O, Doron-Panush N, Reichman B, Nitzan-Kaluski D, Shalitin S, Geva-Lerner L. Obese children and adolescents: a risk group for low vitamin B12 concentration. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2006 Sep;160(9):933-6. View Source




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